This is the first two-thirds of a chapter I'm working on for my book, which is due in a week or so and which I'll be frantically working on until then. Let me know what you think.
Martin Peretz
Those selected for inclusion in this
book were
picked out by reference to two criteria, with the first of these
entailing that the chapter subject be well-known and respected
among those who generally ascribe to the pundit's politics.
Martin Peretz is only slightly well-known among liberals and
moderates of the general population, and being no more widely
respected than he is widely prominent, he certainly wouldn't seem to
make the cut. But as the other bit of criteria entails being
unqualified to serve in whatever role one plays in the national
dialogue, Peretz more than makes up for his lack of mainstream
notability, sort of like when someone does very poorly on the math
section of the
SAT but still pulls a 790 on the verbal, except in a bad way.
This is not to say that Peretz would have done poorly on either
section of his SATs. He is extraordinarily knowledgeable and
well-informed on a number of subjects and lays claim to a distinctive
academic background, having been an assistant professor of social
studies at Harvard, which even honored him in 1993 by establishing the
Martin Peretz Chair in Yiddish Literature. Most notably, he has
served for over three decades variously as editor-in-chief and owner
of The New Republic, which in turn has served for over a century
as one of the nation's most justifiably respected sources of social
and political commentary.
Peretz, then, is a smart fellow and knows quite a bit
about quite a bit. The problem is that he doesn't know how the things
he knows should fit together. If knowledge were a jigsaw puzzle,
Peretz wouldn't begin by sorting the pieces into groups based on
similar color schemes in order that he might better undertake the
gradual process of fitting them all together, this being the common
methodology among those who make it their business to complete jigsaw
puzzles. Instead, he would begin by
composing a terribly-written editorial to the effect that the Arabs
are a warlike and untrustworthy people. Incidentally,
Peretz's more bizarre outbursts are, as well shall see, almost always
prompted by scorn for Arabs and Muslims. Far more incidentally, the
jigsaw
puzzle was of some ducks swimming in a river, and then there's a bunch
of trees off to the background and a couple of deer.
Peretz's ridiculousness is widely acknowledged by the lucid and
attentive, including many folks who actually agree with most of the
chap's political views. His poor reputation even extends to his own
magazine, an
open secret that I have unnecessarily confirmed by way of
conversations with two former TNR staffers. Here's a pertinent
excerpt:
Me: Does anyone at The New Republic respect Peretz
as a writer or a thinker or-
Former Staffer: No.
The person in question was quick to add that
Peretz is indeed smart and well-informed and that his virtues as a
publisher and editor are just as universally acknowledged among those
associated with the publication as are his vices as an essayist,
pundit, and civilized human being. He/she wasn't just trying to be nice, either; under Peretz's
run, TNR has published consistently superior content by some of the
nation's most relevant and capable commentators on the subjects of politics and
culture, which is to say on everything.
Were Peretz content to serve in that capacity, he would be
rightfully known as among the finest of publishers. The universe being
flawed, though, he chooses to write as well - frequently on his
TNR-associated blog, occasionally for the print magazine itself, and
sporadically in
the pages of conservative publications such Commentary and
Wall Street Journal, where he may occasionally be found
expressing agreement with Republicans on foreign policy and topics of
adjacency. This willingness to criticize his own party on a range of
issues is admirable, and would be more admirable still if his
criticisms were not so often directed at the wrong things, or if these
criticisms did not so often apply also to those for whom he has only
praise, or if so many of these criticisms were not absolutely insane.
Again, our universe is flawed.
Worse than Peretz's various offenses against logic is
the great violence that he insists on doing to the English language by
way of astonishing stylistic deficits and endless grammatical errors.
To his credit, those stylistic failures are so inimitably bizarre that
Noam Chomsky should probably be analysing them for clues with regards
to the origins of human linguistics, and even the manner in which the
editor tramples upon fundamental aspects of grammar is consistently
innovative. Let us examine a few examples culled from his blog:
I
count as authoritative someone who hasn't misled me too much. Well, I
sat with one of these authoritatives last night and she was giving me
news, future news about the news.
The New York Post and Reuters
both report not exactly that Bernie Madoff has cancer. But that he's
told his fellow inmates that he has cancer, pancreatic cancer, at that.
Which means that, if the tale is true, he'll be a goner soon, very
soon. Unless there's a medical miracle, as sometimes there is even in
such terrible afflictions of the pancreas.
Even the U.N. characterizes Congo as "the
rape capital of the world." Alas, there are 18,000 U.N. peacekeepers in
the country ... and they only make the circumstances worse. Yes, quite
literally.
This last instance merits special attention. When the term "literally"
is deployed in error, it is almost always in the
his-ears-were-literally-steaming sense, yet Peretz has here managed to
invent an entirely new misuse of the adverb. He is worth reading if one
approaches him as a sort of anti-William Safire, perhaps useful for
those who have gotten too stuffy and self-congratulating in their
command of the English language.
The second
instance also merits special attention insomuch as that anyone who
writes such a thing does not deserve the protection of our state and
federal laws. Here, let me show it to you again:
The New York Post and Reuters
both report not exactly that Bernie Madoff has cancer. But that he's
told his fellow inmates that he has cancer, pancreatic cancer, at that.
Which means that, if the tale is true, he'll be a goner soon, very
soon. Unless there's a medical miracle, as sometimes there is even in
such terrible afflictions of the pancreas.
I don't even know how to make fun of this other than to simply repeat
it over and over again without additional comment. If you turn to the
back of this book, you will find a special section in which I have done
just that.
One could reasonably dismiss
Peretz's poor style as irrelevant to the question of his usefulness to
the republic. Alternatively, one could take a sampling of his terrible,
terrible sentences and use them to introduce various chapter sections,
with each of these focusing on a particular topic that Peretz has
gotten terribly, terribly wrong. And that is what we shall do.
***
Peretz on Iran
There is much that even an economically
challenged West can do to put Iran back into the well, let's say the
twentieth century. (Nothing can yet bring it to the twenty-first.)
- Martin Peretz, February 2009
Soon after Iran's state news agency released
what it claimed to be the results of the nation's 2009 presidential
election, Western analysts came to general agreement that
President Ahmadinejad's alleged 63 percent victory
could only have been the result of fraud. Middle East experts such as
Juan Cole noted that the official results flew in the face of
well-established regional and ethnic electoral trends, and as the days
went by, dozens of blatant irregularities were confirmed by
international observers. The obviousness of the electoral theft was
such that American pundits of every ideology found themselves in rare
unity on the subject, with most everyone concerned expressing support
for the millions of Iranians who took to the streets in an attempt to
restore the fundamental right that had been stripped from them.
As is always the case with such affairs as this, there were those whose
agendas demanded that the electoral results be considered legitimate.
Ahmadinejad, for instance, was firmly in Ahmadinejad's corner on this
one, while the Chinese and Russian governments were both
quick to congratulate the incumbent on maintaining the status quo in a
nation strategic to both regimes. Kim Jong Il expressed particular
delight over his Persian counterpart's overt intention to deflect
Western pressure and thereby score a victory for the self-determination
of despots.
And then there was Martin Peretz. "I
wish I could harbor even a smidgen of the confidence the vice president
has that Dr. Ahmadinejad's sweep was really a fraud," he wrote at the
time in reference to a statement Biden had made to the effect that the
election had probably been stolen. "My
impression is that the incumbent's margin of victory was too big to
have been fraudulent and the loser's numbers also too big. Tyrannies don't play around with the numbers
like this. A dictator
usually wants 99% of the voters to have been for him... Maybe
the
regime fiddled around a bit with the numbers at the polls and
after the polling. Still, the outcome had a sense of
authenticity." To summarize, the Iranian regime didn't "play
around" with the numbers so much as it simply "fiddled around a bit"
with
them, which is to say that the regime both did and did not change the
results of the vote, and at any rate a "sense of authenticity" had been
achieved thereby.
Peretz is smart enough that he would not have come to this
self-contradictory and obviously incorrect conclusion unless he had
some overriding purpose for doing so. In this case, that purpose is to
prevent his readers from coming to another, self-evident and obviously
correct conclusion: that the majority of Iranian voters had rejected
the worst of Iranian presidents. Peretz prefers to avoid such a
conclusion because it works against one of his most commonly expressed
desires, which is to see Iran bombed as soon as possible.
The desire for either the U.S. or Israel to strike at Iran in order to
prevent its fundamentalist regime from acquiring nuclear weaponry is a
common position. It is also a position worthy of serious consideration
if one holds, as I do, that any relatively free nation is well within
its rights to attack the military assets of any dictatorial regime at
any time. In fact, I happen to agree with Peretz and many Iran hawks
that opposition to military action is groundless to the extent that it
derives from the belief that a theocratic government has some sort of
right to operate without outside interference. But there also exists a
very reasonable cause for opposition to the bombing approach: that air
strikes against Iran would not necessarily assist in either Western
security or Iranian freedom, and would likely run counter to both.
It does not take an extensive reading of history to be aware that
foreign threats generally prompt domestic unity, itself almost
invariably taking the form of "pragmatic" statism coupled with
scattershot nationalism. Nor does it require a deep understanding of modern Iran to determine that Ahmadinejad
would use any military action against his nation as a means by which to
discredit domestic opposition for supposedly siding with the Iran's
enemies. We see this phenomenon everywhere, even in the public
discourse of our own republic; the Reader will no doubt recall a time
not long ago when a certain Texan megalomaniac took to painting his
opponents as taking the side of America's most despicable adversaries.
I am referring, of course, to two paragraphs back, when I associated
Martin Peretz with North Korea, Russia, and China for having joined the
leaders of those amoral countries in supporting Ahmadinejad's claim to electoral legitimacy.
Being a mediocre thinker who has attached himself to a cause, Peretz
is no more interested in reasonable objections to his preferred option
of airstrikes than he is in the evidence that the Iranian people might
very well be on course to doing away with the mullahs themselves. The
Iranians, he would have us believe, will always act against us without
due cause, and thus the only solution is for us to act against them
without undue hesitation. He is either unaware or unimpressed that our
nation's previous interferences with Iran have almost always resulted
in damage to that nation's democratic institutions and the advancement
of both its religious zealots and secular thugs. Presumably, he does
not find any lessons in the shameful conduct on the part of the CIA
during the early '50s, during which time that viper's nest spearheaded
the overthrow of Iran's democratically-elected prime minister through
disinformation campaigns, financial aid to fascist politicians, and
strategic support for known gangster Shaban Jafari, among other things;
all of this is now publicly acknowledged by our own government and
detailed with charming precision in our national archives. That these
prior interferences, so much akin in spirit to the proposals now being
made by our modern-day hawks, subsequently resulted in a
quarter-century of dictatorship by a degenerate shah; that this state
of affairs was followed by a predictable backlash whereby most any
degenerate who promised to stand up to the U.S. was given a place in
the new regime; and that this final revolution produced the very
government that is now causing us so much trouble, does not seem to
strike Peretz as relevant or even worthy of mention.
Likewise, Peretz has no interest in the real significance of the 2009
election and its aftermath - that the majority of the Iranian people
are today desirous of securing their own liberty and improving their
material circumstances, that they will tomorrow be capable of seizing
these things, and that the sooner this is accomplished, the sooner will
they be inclined to give up such distractions as anti-Israeli sentiment
in favor of their own pursuit of happiness. Reducing the possibility of
an Iranian attack against Israel is Peretz's reasonable objective, and
here we have a viable and moral way by which this may soon be
accomplished - one which will bear the added legitimacy of having been
carried out by the Iranians themselves. But Peretz is not interested in
solving the problem so much as he is in solving the problem in a
particular way - one that is risky, will almost certainly result in
civilian casualties, and which will provide a criminal and theocratic
regime with the opportunity to redirect public anger from itself to the
U.S. and thereby increase its own legitimacy in the eyes of many
Persians. Simply stated, Peretz seeks to solve a problem in a manner
that will almost certainly end up exacerbating it. Also:
The New York Post and Reuters
both report not exactly that Bernie Madoff has cancer. But that he's
told his fellow inmates that he has cancer, pancreatic cancer, at that.
Which means that, if the tale is true, he'll be a goner soon, very
soon. Unless there's a medical miracle, as sometimes there is even in
such terrible afflictions of the pancreas.
Peretz on His Various Enemies
Yes, let me assure you, this hater of Israel [Princeton professor Richard Falk] is a Jew. And, also yes,
this hater of America is an American. They are one and the same
individual. So Wikipedia begins its narrative with the simple
characterization, 'Jewish American.' No one will claim him, perhaps
not even his mother. But that I don't know.
-
Martin Peretz, April 2008
If you or I decided to accuse someone of possessing some sort of
negative trait, we would probably begin by finding one or more
occasions on which the person in question had exhibited that trait.
Aside from helping us to back up our assertion, such instances would
also present the added bonus of helping us to ensure that our attack is
warranted. If we're especially honest, we might also pause a moment to
consider whether other people who we're in the habit of defending do
not also bear this particular trait, in which case our especial honesty
might prompt us to either acknowledge that this is the case or scrap
our objection altogether lest we give the impression that our enemies
are in some unusual habit not found among our allies. Peretz rarely
gets past the first of these tasks. But you and I are quite alike, it
seems. And the smell of you intoxicates me.
Whereas you
and I, united together in sexual tension and civic virtue, would never
attack a fellow citizen without having first done our due diligence,
Peretz does this to such a great and perpetual extent that one might
reasonably suppose that such things get him high, just like you get me
high when I take in the sight of you, when I gaze upon your eyes gazing
into mine.
At the time when Peretz was among the few to have
gotten the Iranian election story wrong, Juan Cole was among the many
who got it right; though fraud was apparent to many from the beginning,
the author and Middle East expert did more than his part in identifying
specific instances of electoral regularities on a region-to-region basishttp://www.juancole.com/2009/06/stealing-iranian-election.html .
That Cole has in this and other instances displayed a specified working
knowledge of the Middle East far beyond anything Peretz has ever
demonstrated does not seem to have deterred our antihero from menacing
the scholar with the following interconnected array of specified
symbols which may very well
"Smart he is, gurgle comma blargle comma blarg comma comma comma comma." Fucking abominable.
Peretz is also in the habit of targeting New York Times columnist
Nicholas Kristoff for special criticism, apparently because Kristof has
failed to target the Arabs for same. Having once begun a blog post by
conceeding that Kristof himself was among those who first brought
attention to the Darfur genocide, Peretz immediately points outhttp://www.tnr.com/blog/the-spine/convictionless-kristof that he "can't
recall whether Kristof has ever noted the overwhelming Arab backing for
these heinous deeds." This would be a reasonable thing for Peretz to
have written had he written it from some 19th century Montana homestead
and had no legs. Insomuch as that Peretz actually exists among us in
the dawn of the information age, he could have Googled "Kristof,"
"Sudan," and "Arabs," like I did, and found that Kristof had indeed
called out the Arabs on their collective complacency regarding Darfur
less than a month before Peretz had called out Kristoff for not calling
out the Arabs on their collective complacency regarding Darfur. One
doesn't even need legs to do this sort of research; otherwise I
wouldn't have done it. I haven't left my apartment in weeks. Frankly, I
hope I die right here in this room, preferably before I get around to
researching and writing the chapter on Ruben Navarrate, who wrote a
whole book about how he's Hispanic and he went to Harvard and how
important that is and how we should all drop what we're doing and read
his little book about how he's a Hispanic who went to Harvard.
So, a month before the point at which Peretz couldn't recall if
Kristof had written anything like the following, Kristof had written
the following:
Unfortunately, the Arab Leagues secretary general, Amr Moussa, who
quite properly denounces abuses when suffered by Palestinians, has
chosen to side with Mr. Bashir rather than the hundreds of thousands of
Muslims killed in Darfur. If Israel bombed some desert in Darfur, Arab
leaders might muster some indignation about violence there.
Kristof 1, Arabs 0! Aside from wondering aloud whether or not Kristof
had ever noted Arab complaisance regarding Darfur when he could have
looked that up in something under 30 seconds by way of 21st century
super-science, Peretz goes on to imply further degrees of
fascist-coddling on the part of poor Kristoff, noting that two TNR
contributors who also helped to bring attention to the Darfur story are
in possession of some insight into the overall situation that Kristof
allegedly lacks:
[Richard] Just and [Erick] Reeves do not believe the the [sic] United Nations is able or, for
that matter, willing to do what needs to do be done to stop the
killing. After all, China and Russia are structurally empowered to
block any constructive moves on the matter by virtue of their veto
rights on the Security Council [hey, that was actually a pretty well-composed sentence].
It is fantastic that Just and Reeves understand this very obvious
thing, but Peretz's implication that Kristof does not is, as usual,
totally insane and retarded. In the very same column in which he'd
taken issue with the Arabs on Darfur - the column he'd written just a
month before, I here note again for emphasis - Kristof asserted that
the Chinese must be compelled to cease supplying weaponry to the
Sudanese antagonists and summarised the matter as follows:
If China continues it is the main supplier of arms used in the
genocide then it may itself be in violation of the 1948 Genocide
Convention... Incredibly, China and Russia are acting as Mr. Bashirs lawyers,
quietly urging the United Nations Security Council to intervene to
delay criminal proceedings against him. Such a delay is a bad idea,
unless Mr. Bashir agrees to go into exile.http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/17/opinion/17kristof.html
Kristof, then, knows every bit as well as Just and Reeves and Peretz do
that the UN is worthless in such cases as these and that the Russian
and Chinese regimes are not particularly concerned about the well-being
of Africa's rural animists, although this does not deter Peretz from
implying otherwise, as Peretz is an unstoppable force that cannot be
deterred by anything.
The occasion for the bizarre
criticisms we've just examined was a more recent Kristof column to the
effect that, although Kristof eats meat, he suspects that history will
judge meat eaters very poorly from some vantage point in the future.
Based on such an irritatingly introspective and self-critical little
essay as this, full of hemming and hawing about all the poor little
animals, Peretz concludes that Kristof "has the vanity of the
absolutely righteous." One might wish that Kristof had any such thing,
but clearly he does not.
Peretz has elsewhere gotten after journalist Roger Cohen, not to be confused with mediocre Washington Post columnist
Richard Cohen. Journalist Roger Cohen, as we'll go ahead and call him,
is attacked in a Peretz post that begins thusly:
Roger Cohen has the Times beat in Iran. Well, not exactly. No one has the Times
beat in Iran. I don't know how many Western newspapers have their own
journalists in the country. I do know that the FT does but it is an
Iranian who holds it. Anyway, the datelines from Iran are commonly from
Arab capitals, mostly Beirut.
This is how Martin Peretz chooses to begin an essay. Do you see now
that we must all arm ourselves? Do you understand what is at stake? He
goes on to "explain":
Cohen's standards for an evil regime are quite specific and tough. He
will not judge Tehran harshly until it murders many many Jews.
Many many many. Peretz then asks us the following question, presumably more out of sadness than anger or honest curiosity:
So how has Cohen dealt with the torments to which hundreds of thousands of Iranians have been treated since the election?
This
seems to be a hypothetical question in that Peretz does not answer it
or even suggest that such a thing can have an answer. He does
subsequently admit that an analogy he had just made himself two
paragraphs back in which he'd compared Iran to Nazi Germany might be "a
bit overwrought, although I'm not at all sure it is." Which is to say
that he doesn't actually admit it. What? We do not get any answer as to
how this mullah-loving journalist deals with the crackdown on
protesters in that country. If we had asked someone who bothers to read
the work of those whose work he claims ought not to be read, we would
have learned that Cohen has dealt with it by reporting on it, decrying
it, and otherwise doing everything it is that a journalist can do short
of shooting thousands of Basij paramilitaries or rescuing a
brilliant scientist from the clutches of an underground prison complex
and then having him invent a nanovirus that kills all the remaining
Basij paramilitariesAnyway, wa http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/18/opinion/18iht-edcohen.html :
The Islamic Republic has lost legitimacy. It is fissured. It will not
be the same again. It has always played on the ambiguity of its nature,
a theocracy where people vote. For a whole new generation, theres no
longer room for ambiguity.
Cohen
goes on to rail against the regime in flamboyant and irritating
terminology of the sort that he probably would not have submitted to
his editor were he a marijuana smoker, in which case he would have
almost certainly realized for himself that the entire column was kind
of ostentatious and stupid. "A nation has stirred," he announces, shamelessly. "Provoked, it has risen." It is Jesus, Emperor of Persia.
The point is that Peretz has once again wrongly criticized yet another
columnist for having not done something that he did in fact do. He's
going to keep doing that throughout this whole section. That's what
this section is about.
Peretz is so intemperate as to have
even attacked staffers of his own magazine on such occasions as they've
written articles he deems incompatible with his personal hodgepodge
foreign policy. In August of 2008, Peretz denounced TNR contributor
John Judis for having written that the U.S.'s late-20th century
dealings with Cuba are comparable to Germany's early-20th century
dealings with Belgium; Judis was referring in this case to Imperial
Germany. "(I can't believe that even he would compare us to the Nazis)," Peretz
mused, both parenthetically and in italics. He must have thought this
to be a devastating combination around about the moment in which he
ought to have been thinking about whether or not it was likely that
anyone would single out Belgium as having been the most memorable
national victim of Nazi Germany.
Still, Judis did compare
the U.S.'s approach towards Cuba to that of the German Empire towards
Belgium as well as to that of Iraq towards Kuwait, and such an argument
certainly merits a counterargument based in historical fact and
context. Peretz . He begins his screed against the journalist with "John Judis has often had a soft spot for America's enemies" and ends it with the following prepositional experiment: "There
is nothing less than Henry Wallace, doughface tripe." There is how
Peretz writes when he's particularly angry with nothing less than
tripe. There is how it seems to me, at least.
A few hours
after having written his nonsense, Peretz apologized for the outburst.
"There is great embarrassment for me," he wrote. Just kidding. Here's
the real apology, inserted as an update to the blog post in question:
Judis' item
obviously upset me. And I have had my differences with John over the years. (As
you know, I revel in intellectual give-and-take) But re-reading this item a few
hours later, I realize that my rhetoric was a bit too rough. Since our
disagreements are fierce, I wish my language had been less angry.
I wish his language had been Mandarin so that I wouldn't have had to
learn from Peretz that Peretz "revel[s] in intellectual give-and-take"
and that everyone is aware of this. Also note how he's managed to screw
up yet another parentheses.
Among Peretz's various insane rhetorical assaults on his superiors, one
finds a pattern of hypersensitivity to criticism of U.S. foreign policy
both past and present. To the publisher's credit, this almost certainly
stems from his long and reasonable opposition to those among the Old
Left whose philosophical degeneracy led them to sympathize with the
Soviet Union and its hangers-on over the United States and the other
relatively free nations of the world. But most of these people are
either dead or living in San Miguel de Allende, and their modern
counterparts have descended into even greater irrelevancy than even the
dead ones, if not the ones who are residing in San Miguel.
I shall make a self-indulgent aside because there is no one here to
stop me. My grandma used to live in San Miguel, and when I was fifteen
or so I made the acquaintance of several of these elderly and
two-dimensional creatures. One of them explained to me over breakfast
that the Aztecs knew perfectly well that Hernan Cortez was not actually
some deity, but rather just a greedy Spaniard, and that they were
simply being nice when they allowed him to seize control of the
country. Another trapped me in her apartment and forced me to listen to
recordings of Lenny Bruce, whom she had apparently known well and
probably fucked. On another occasion, two of these obsolete old crones
argued over whether or not one can find orange cats in Rome; one them
claimed that Rome has no orange cats at all, and the other claimed to
have owned one herself while living in that very city. One group of
them eventually had another other group arrested over a dispute
involving control of the local library. If only there were a metaphor
in there somewhere. At any rate, I managed to steal a lot of pain pills
in those days.
Peretz, then, is right to keep an eye on whatever manifestations of Old Left sentiment might arise in the pages of the The New York Times Review of Books or
Unitarian churches. The difficulty here is that he cannot differentiate
between Bolshevik propaganda and reasonable historical analysis. In
2006, writer James Carroll, being a writer, wrote an article for The Boston Globe in which he argued that the North Korean dystopia came about in part as a reaction to the U.S.'s involvement in the peninsulahttp://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2006/10/16/the_makings_of_a_nuclear_standoff/ .
He did not argue, incidentally, that North Korea is the glowing sun of
harmony to which all faces turn from every corner of the Earth, its
children looking to Kim Jong Il for hope and guidance as they struggle
against the dog monsters who burn them for fuel in the factories of the
West.
But you wouldn't know this from reading Peretz's take on the piece. Carrol, it seems,
"didn't tell his readers that the present
communist tyrant Kim Jong Il is the son of the last communist tyrant
Kim Il Jong, who ran the tyranny in 1948." There is a good reason for
Carrol not to have done so, even aside from the fact that Kim Jong Il's
father was not the non-existent Kim Il-Jong but rather Kim Il-Sung: the
vast majority of people who would be inclined to read an article on
some subset of 20th century Korean history are fully aware that the
current ruler is the son of the previous one and that this might very
well reflect poorly on the regime's commitment to popular governance.